The longest chain determines the parent name of the hydrocarbon. Note that the longest chain may not be drawn in a straight line. Here, we will add some steps to the procedure so you can name branched hydrocarbons.įirst, given the structure of an alkane, identify the longest continuous chain of C atoms this is known as the parent chain. You have already learned the basics of nomenclature - the names of the first 10 normal hydrocarbons. By learning and applying these rules, you can name any organic compound when given its structure or determine the unique structure of a molecule from its name. Worldwide, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has developed the system of nomenclature for organic compounds, so these rules are sometimes called the IUPAC rules of nomenclature. These rules make up the system of nomenclature for naming organic molecules. There are a series of rules for naming branched alkanes (and, ultimately, for all organic compounds). However, they are different compounds with different physical and chemical properties. These branched alkanes are isomers of straight-chain alkanes having the same number of C atoms. Many hydrocarbons have branches of C atoms attached to a chain they are called branched hydrocarbons. Not all hydrocarbons are straight chains. Draw the structural formula of a branched hydrocarbon from its name.Name a branched hydrocarbon from its structure.Remember that carbon atoms should have fourīonds and hydrogen atoms can have only one. Tot for the carbon atoms and one for the hydrogen atoms. If you don't haveĪtomic model kits, jelly tots (or playdough) and Using atomic model kits, build the molecules of methane, Building hydrocarbonsĪn example of ethane, ethene and ethyne built with atomic model kits is given The full process is provided on This playdough can be used for all the model building activities.īe careful to keep the playdough away from animals, as it is edible, butĬontains large amounts of salt. Remember to store it in an airtightĬontainer between uses. Separate and add food colourant, different colours for Once cool, knead the dough until it becomes smooth, then If your dough is still sticky just cook it a bit longer. When the dough pulls away from the sides of the pot, remove Mix all the ingredients together over a low heat and stir Vegetable oil, 1 tablespoon of cream of tartar (this A recipe is given here:Ģ cups flour, 2 cups warm water, 1 cup salt, 2 tablespoons Possible to make your own playdough (which can be coloured for differentĪtoms using food colourants). Just as well, using toothpicks to represent the bonds. A bag of jelly tots (or a similar soft sweet) would work If you do not have access to model kits however, substitutesĬan be used. Model kits are a great way to help learners understand and visualise organic If there are no branched groups this step can be ignored. The branched groups must be listed before the name of the mainĬhain in alphabetical order (ignoring di/tri/tetra). 2,4 -) and one of the prefixesĪlkane the branched group must be on the carbon with There is more than one of the same type of branched group thenīoth numbers must be listed (e.g. Note the position of the group on the main carbon chain. ![]() Group and referring to Table 4.6, these groups will Name them by counting the number of carbon atoms in the branched Start with the carbonĪt the end closest to the functional group. To start numbering so that the functional group is on theĬarbon with the lowest possible number). Number the carbons in the longest carbon chain ( Important: The number of carbon atoms in the longest chain that Table 4.6: The prefix of a compound's name is determined by
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